Karakteristik Iregularitas Infleksi Nominal Bahasa Arab, Studi Kasus pada Jamak Taksir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36722/sh.v5i2.345Abstract
Abstrak – Pada hakikatnya, di dalam ketidakteraturan ada pola yang teratur. Kajian ini hendak mencermati dan menemukan keteraturan pola dalam ketidakteraturan proses morfologis infleksi nominal bahasa Arab, jamak taksir. Bentuk-bentuk yang dinamis dan beragam pada perubahan bentuk singular menjadi plural dalam jamak taksir memiliki kecenderungan yang dapat dipetakan menjadi pola tertentu. Untuk memotret fenomena tersebut, kajian awal ini mengambil data dari kamus Arab-Inggris Hans Wher dari entri alif hingga kha’, yang dibatasi pada ism tunggal yang berpola fa’lun, fi’lun, fi’latun, fi’a:lun, fu’latun, fa’alun, dan fa’latun. Dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, masing-masing bentuk singular akan dicermati aspek fonologis dan semantisnya; yang menjadi bentuk plural dengan karakteristik fonologis dan semantik yang juga menjadi fokus perhatian. Kajian ini membenarkan tesis dari Pingker tentang pola-pola tidak teratur yang sebenarnya memuat keteraturan. Dalam riset ini, sebagian besar bentuk plural dari jamak taksir dapat diramalkan dengan melihat consonant order dari bentuk tunggalnya.
Abstract – Actually, there is a regular pattern in irregularities. This study was to examine and find the regularity patterns in the irregularities of the nominal inflection of morphological process of Arabic, jamak taksir. Dynamic and varied forms of morphological process from singular to plural in the jamak taksir have a tendency that can be mapped into certain regular patterns. To capture the phenomenon, this initial study took data from Hans Wher's Arabic-English dictionary from the Alif to Kha ' entry, which was confined to the singular ISM patterned fa'lun, fi'lun, fi'latun, fi'a:lun, fu'latun, fa'alun, and fa'latun. With qualitative descriptive methods, each singular form will be examined by the phonological aspect and its semantics; which became a plural with the phonological and semantic characteristics that also became the focus of attention. This study justifies the thesis of the Pingker on irregular patterns that actually load regularity. In this research, most of the plural form of the jamak taksir can be predicted by looking at the order consonant from the singular.
Keywords - Arabic broken plural, irregularity, inflection, phonological aspect.
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