Parasites Infection OF Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) In East Sumba Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36722/sst.v7i3.1288Abstract
Swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) play an important role in supporting the economy and social life of the community in the East Sumba Regency. The prevalence and intensity One of the diseases still a health problem in livestock, including buffalo, is parasite infection. Research on cases of parasite infection in buffaloes in the East Sumba Regency has not been widely reported. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the parasites that infect the buffalo as well as to measure the prevalence and infection rates. The coprological examination of 105 samples of swamp buffalo feces from the East Sumba Regency was conducted in this study. The simple flotation and the modified McMaster method were used to identify and measure the degree of infection of Nematode, Cestode, and protozoan oocyst, while the modified Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory (DBL) method was used to detect the presence of Trematodes. The results showed that 67 out of 105 buffaloes (63.81%) had parasite infections, which were caused by a single (44.76%) and mix infection (19.05%). The prevalence of infection with Nematodes, Trematodes, and Protozoan oocysts in males (73.33%) was much higher than in female (60.00%) buffalo; nevertheless, the chi-square test results showed that sex was not associated with the prevalence of parasites infection cases (p>0.05). Age was a risk factor that had a significant effect (p<0.05), with the young age group having the highest odds ratio (OR) value (5.80), followed by the age group of the calf (3.10), and pre-weaned calf (2.98). The highest to lowest infection rates were observed in Cestodes (547.03 EPG), followed by Protozoa (220.70 PG), Nematodes (84.75 EPG), and Trematodes (2.18 EPG). The present study shows that buffalo in East Sumba Regency are infected with several parasites, so control must be made to prevent losses due to the infection.
Keywords - Bubalus bubalis, East Sumba, fecal examination, gastrointestinal parasites, the prevalence
References
[BPS]Badan Pusat Statistik sumba Timur, Sumba Timur dalam Angka 2019. Waingapu: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sumba Timur, 2019.
[BPS]Badan Pusat Statistik sumba Timur, Kabupaten Sumba Timur dalam Angka 2021. Waingapu: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sumba Timur, 2021.
J. M. Burke and J. E. Miller, “Sustainable Approaches to Parasite Control in Ruminant Livestock,†Vet. Clin. North Am. - Food Anim. Pract., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 89–107, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.11.007.
F. Satrija, Y. Ridwan, and E. Retnani, “Efficacy of piperazine dihydrochloride against Toxocara vitulorum in buffalo calves,†J. Vet., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 77–82, 2011.
N. Nurhidayah, F. Satrija, E. B. Retnani, D. A. Astuti, and S. Murtini, “Prevalence and risk factors of trematode infection in swamp buffaloes reared under different agro-climatic conditions in Java Island of Indonesia,†Vet. World, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 687–694, 2020, doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.687-694.
L. Rast, S. Lee, S. Nampanya, J. Toribio, S. Khounsy, and P. Windsor, “Prevalence and clinical impact of Toxocara vitulorum in cattle and buffalo calves in Northern Lao PDR,†Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 539–546, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s11250-012-0256-4.
R. Ahmed, Z. Wani, I. Allaie, M. Buhsra, and H. Hussain, “Toxocara vitulorum in a suckling calf: A case study.,†J. Parasit. Dis., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1330–1331, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s12639-015-0682-0.
J. Hansen and B. Perry, The Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Control of Helminths Parasites of Ruminants. Nairobi: International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, 1998.
A. Willingham, M. Johansen, and E. Barnes, “A new technique for counting Schistosoma japonicum eggs in pig feces,†Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Heal., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 128–130, 1998.
B. Xu et al., “A Novel Procedure for Precise Quantification of Schistosoma japonicum Eggs in Bovine Feces,†PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., vol. 6, no. 11, 2012, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001885.
D. Thienpont, F. Rochette, and O. Vanparijs, Diagnosing Helminthiasis by Coprological Examination., 3rd ed. Beerse: Janssen Animal Health, 2003. [Online]. Available: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar
Z. Audu and S. E. Abalaka, “Toxocara vitulorum intestinal impaction in male White Fulani calves: a case report from Nigeria,†J. Parasit. Dis., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 597–600, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s12639-019-01133-3.
M. A. Taylor, R. L. Coop, and R. L. Wall, Veterinary Parasitology, 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2016.
N. Nurhidayah, F. Satrija, and E. B. Retnani, “Gastrointestinal parasitic infection of swamp buffalo in Banten Province, Indonesia: Prevalence, risk factor, and its impact on production performance,†Trop. Anim. Sci. J., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 6–12, 2019, doi: 10.5398/tasj.2019.42.1.6.
S. Bahrami and A. R. Alborzi, “Prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in river buffalo calves of southwest of Iran,†Acta Parasitol., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 527–530, 2013, doi: 10.2478/s11686-013-0167-1.
H. Tamrat, N. Mekonnen, Y. Ferede, R. Cassini, and N. Belayneh, “Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia,†Ir. Vet. J., vol. 73, no. 1, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1186/S13620-020-00168-W.
S. Malathi, U. Shameem, and M. Komali, “Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in domestic ruminants from Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India,†J. Parasit. Dis., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 823–830, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12639-021-01367-0.
N. F. Ojeda-Robertos et al., “Study of gastrointestinal parasites in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) reared under Mexican humid tropical conditions,†Trop. Anim. Health Prod., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 613–618, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1237-4.
W. A. Karim, A. Farajallah, and B. Suryobroto, “Exploration and prevalence of gastrointestinal worm in buffalo from West Java, Central Java, East Java and Lombok, Indonesia,†Aceh J. Anim. Sci., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2016, doi: 10.13170/ajas.1.1.3566.
S. H. M. Hendawy, “Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants: effector cell mechanism and cytokines.,†J. Parasit. Dis., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 471–482, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12639-018-1023-x.
P. P. Roy, N. Begum, A. R. Dey, S. Sarker, H. Biswas2, and T. Farjana1, “Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of buffalo at Mongla, Bagerhat,†Int. J. Nat. Soc. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 59–66, 2016.
D. M. Pfukenyi, S. Mukaratirwa, A. L. Willingham, and J. Monrad, “Epidemiological studies of Schistosoma mattheei infections in cattle in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe,†Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 179–191, 2006, doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v73i3.144.
R. Njoku-Tony and B. Nwoko, “Prevalence of paramphistomiasis among sheep slaughtered in some selected abattoirs in Imo State, Nigeria,†Sci. World J., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 12–15, 2009, doi: 10.4314/swj.v4i4.51401.
B. Lassen and T. Järvis, “Eimeria and Cryptosporidium in Lithuanian cattle farms,†Vet. ir Zootech., vol. 48, no. 70, pp. 24–28, 2009.
N. G. Budiono, F. Satrija, Y. Ridwan, D. Nur, and . Hasmawati, “Trematodosis pada Sapi dan Kerbau di Wilayah Endemik Schistosomiasis di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia,†J. Ilmu Pertan. Indones., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 112–126, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.18343/jipi.23.2.112.
H. L. S. Seó, L. C. P. M. Filho, L. A. Honorato, B. F. Da Silva, A. F. T. Do Amarante, and P. A. Bricarello, “The effect of gastrointestinal nematode infection level on grazing distance from dung,†PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 6, p. e0126340, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126340.
