Acacia decurrens di Sebagian Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36722/sst.v5i1.321Abstract
Abstrak- Acacia decurrens, adalah jenis asing yang mulai menjadi perhatian sejak dominasinya di lahan bekas erupsi Gunung Merapi tahun 2006. Tujuan dari kegiatan studi ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan secara kuantitatif Ekologi Acacia decurrens, hubungannya dengan beberapa faktor lingkungan serta potensi keinvasifannya jika dikorelasikan dengan diversity index. Analisis vegetasi dilakukan di empat wilayah Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM) yaitu Kalikining, Kaliadem, Plawangan dan Pranajiwa. Ordinasi menggunakan metode Non metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) serta Canonical Corespondence (CCA) serta korelasi bivariate Spearman dilakukan dalam analisis data. Hasil analisis NMDS (2D stress = 0,14) memperlihatkan bahwa daerah terbuka akibat erupsi di Kaliadem kini didominasi oleh jenis A. decurrens. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif yang signifikan (Spearman’s rho = 0,6) antara kelimpahan jenis A. decurrens dengan tingkat keanekaragaman jenis di dalam lokasi sampling. Dari hasil CCA, A. decurrens, pada tahap semai, nampak hidup berdampingan dengan jenis groundcover lainnya seperti Alangium javanicum, dan Araliaceae. Namun pada fase pohonnya, jenis ini cenderung membentuk tegakan murni. Acacia decurrens tingkat pohon nampaknya lebih memilih sites dengan tingkat pH yang lebih rendah sedangkan A. decurrens tingkat semai lebih banyak ditemui pada site-site ber pH lebih tinggi. A. decurrens berpotensi menjadi gulma di TNGM.
Abstract - Acacia decurrens, is an alien plant species that has begun to be a concern since its dominance in the former eruption of Mount Merapi in 2006. The purpose of this study is to describe quantitatively the Ecology of Acacia decurrens, its relation to several environmental factors and their invasive potential if correlated with diversity index. Vegetation analysis was carried out in four areas of Mount Merapi National Park, namely Kalikining, Kaliadem, Plawangan and Pranajiwa. Ordination using Non metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and Canonical Correspondence (CCA) methods and Spearman bivariate correlations were carried out in data analysis. NMDS analysis (2D stress = 0.14) shows that open areas due to eruptions in Kaliadem are now dominated by A. decurrens. The results of the analysis also showed a significant negative correlation (Spearman’s rho = 0.6) between the abundance of A. decurrens species and the level of species diversity in the sampling location. From the results of CCA, A. decurrens, at the seedling stage, appears to coexist with other types of ground cover such as Alangium javanicum, and Araliaceae. But in the tree phase, this type tends to form pure stands and only occasionally appear alive can it coexist with other Fabaceae species such as Albizia lopantha. Acacia decurrens tree level seems to prefer sites with lower pH levels while A. decurrens seedling levels are more common at higher pH sites. A. decurrens have the potential to become weeds in the Mount Merapi National Park.
Keywords-Autekologi, Faktor Lingkungan, IAS, Risk Assesment
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