Perilaku Maternal Dan Kesejahteraan Tapir Asia (Tapirus Indicus) Di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36722/sst.v8i2.1655Abstract
The asian tapir (Tapirus indicus) population continues to decline so the IUCN establishes its conservation status as endangered. One of the conservation efforts that can be done is ex-situ in the zoo. The environmental condition of the zoo is different from their natural habitat which results in asian tapirs having to adapt. One form of adaptation is behavior change that can be experienced by female asian tapir. Behavioral changes such as not wanting to breastfeed can threaten the survival of their offspring. This study aims to identify the maternal behavior of asian tapirs through daytime activities, determine the response of its calf, and determine the welfare of asian tapir in Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR). Observations were made on one female asian tapir and one asian tapir calf. The observation was done from 9.00 to 14.00 during August 2022 and uses the focal animal sampling method. The results show that the mother does more self care than maternal care. Maternal behavior that is carried out are nurse and social. The calf responds by sniffing its mother’s stomach to suckle and approach its mother’s body. The five animal welfare points are fulfilled in asian tapir at TMR.
Keywords – Asian tapir, Daily behavior, Maternal care, Tapirus indicus
References
W. Novarino. “Population monitoring and study of daily activities of Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus),†Rufford Small Grant (for Nature Conservation) in Association with the Whitley Laing Foundation, Rep. 1-22. 2005
C. Traeholt, W. Novarino, S. bin Saaban, N.M. Shwe, A. Lynam, Z. Zainuddin, B. Simpson and S. bin Mohd/ Tapirus indicus. 2016. [Online] Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21472A45173636.en (Diakses pada 2 Maret 2022).
N. Asmita, A. Muhammad, and S. Sunarto, “Penaksiran populasi tapir asia (Tapirus indicus) di Suaka Margasatwa Rimbang Baling dengan bantuan kamera jebak,†JOM FMIPA, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 554561, 2014.
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, “Nomor 7 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa,†p. 25, 1999.
Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Tentang Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, https://ragunanzoo.jakarta.go.id/tentang/ragunan-zoological-park/, 2021. (Diakses pada 2 Maret 2022).
D.J. Gubernick and P.H. Klopfer, Parental care in mammals. New York: Plenum Press, 1981.
P. Poindron, “Mechanisms of activation of maternal behavior in mammals,†Reproduction Nutrition Development, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 341-351, 2005.
B. Read, “Management of the Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) at St. Louis Zoo,†International Zoo Yearbook, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 294-297, 1986.
R.A. Barongi, “Husbandry and conservation of tapirs,†International Zoo Yearbook, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 7-15, 1993
M.E., McPhee and K. Carlstead, “The importance of maintaining natural behaviors in captive mammals,†in Wild Mammals in Captivity, 2nd ed., D.G. Kleiman, V. Thompson and C.K. Baer, Ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010, p. 565.
R. Kagan and J. Veasey, “Challenges of zoo animal welfare,†in Wild Mammals in Captivity, 2nd ed., D.G. Kleiman, V. Thompson and C.K. Baer, Ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010, p. 565.
K.D. Williams and G.A. Petrides, “Browse use, feeding behavior, and management of the Malayan tapir,†The Journal of Wildlife Management, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 489-494, 1980.
T. Suwannaphong, W. Limmun, S. Panyaboriban, M. Wittayarat and N. Suttidate, “Daytime behavior of captive Malayan tapirs at Songkhla Zoo,†Walailak Procedia, vol. 2018, no. 2, pp. 1-7, 2018.
K.A. Arumugam, M.M. Top, W.N.W. Ibrahim, C.D. Buesching and G. Annavi, “Social and reproductive behavior of captive Malayan Tapirs’ (Tapirus indicus): Interactions with maternal experience and environmental conditions,†Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1—9, 2020.
P.N. Lehner, “Sampling methods in behavior research,†Poultry Science, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 643-649, 1992.
M.J. GarcÃa, E.P. Medici, E.J. Naranjo, W. Novarino and R.S. Leonardo, “Distribution, habitat and adaptability of the genus Tapirus,†Integrative zoology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 346-355, 2012.
A.E. Mahler, “Activity budgets and use of exhibit space by South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in a zoological park setting,†Zoo Biology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 35-46, 1984.
P.R. Mangini, A.L.V. Nunes, J.R.V. Ferreira and E.P. Medici, “Order Perissodactyla, Family Tapiridae (Tapirs),†in Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of South American Wild Animals, M.E. Fowler, Ed. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 2008, p. 517.
R.T. Corlett, “Frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrates in the Oriental (Indomalayan) Region,†Biological Reviews, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 413-448, 1998.
B.C. Gilger and A.G. Matthews. 2022. “Ophthalmology of Perissodactyla: Zebras, Tapirs, Rhinoceroses, and Relatives,†in Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology, F. Montiani-Ferreira, B.A. Moore and G. Ben-Shlomo, Ed. Cham: Springer, 2022, p. 565.
L. Viena, “Perilaku merawat anak pada tapir Asia (Tapirus indicus) di Taman Safari Indonesia Jawa Barat,†Skripsi S1, Dept. Klinik, Reproduksi, Patologi., Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, IPB, 2018.
E.J. Naranjo, “Ecology and conservation of Baird's tapir in Mexico,†Tropical Conservation Science, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 140-158, 2009.
F. Le Provost, C. Leroux, P. Martin, P. Gaye and J. Djiane, “Prolactin gene expression in ovine and caprine mammary gland,†Neuroendocrinology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 305-313, 1994.
