Praktik Pemberian Makan dan Perawatan Kesehatan Anak di Kelompok Bermain Al Azhar 1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36722/sst.v5i3.376Abstract
Abstrak - Kekurangan zat gizi pada saat usia balita dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang bersifat irreversible dan berdampak pada rendahnya kualitas sumberdaya manusia. Penelitian cross sectional ini bertujuan menilai praktik pemberian makan dan perawatan kesehatan anak di Kelompok Bermain Al Azhar 1. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-November 2019 di Kelompok Bermain Al Azhar 1, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Pengukuran berat badan menggunakan timbangan digital, sedangkan pengukuran tinggi badan menggunakan microtoise. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling terdiri atas 26 ibu dan balita usia 13-59 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir sebagian besar subjek memiliki status gizi yang normal berdasarkan indeks berat badan menurut umur (BB/U), tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U), dan berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB) berturut-turut sebesar 88%, 92%, dan 84%. Namun demikian, masih ditemukan subjek yang tergolong memiliki status gizi kurang (4%), gizi lebih (8%), pendek (4%), kurus (4%), dan gemuk (12%). Lebih dari separuh orangtua subjek tergolong memiliki praktik pemberian makan dan perawatan kesehatan yang baik yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 60% dan 84%. Peran ibu dan anggota keluarga lain yang sehari-hari bersama balita masih perlu ditingkatkan dalam memberikan contoh praktik pemberian makan dan perawatan kesehatan yang baik pada anak.Â
Abstract – Nutritional deficiencies at the age of under five can inhibit irreversible growth and development and have an impact on the poor quality of human resources. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the practice of child feeding and health care in the Al Azhar 1 Play Group. The study was conducted in March-November 2019 in the Al Azhar 1 Play Group, Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta. Primary data obtained through interviews using a questionnaire. Bodyweight measurements using digital scales, while height measurements using a microtome. The research subjects were selected by purposive sampling consisting of 26 mothers and toddlers aged 13-59 months. The results showed that most of the subjects had normal nutritional status based on body weight index according to age (BB/U), height by age (TB / U), and weight by height (BB/TB) respectively by 88%, 92%, and 84%. However, still found subjects classified as having poor nutritional status (4%), overnutrition (8%), short (4%), thin (4%), and fat (12%). More than half of the parents of subjects classified as having good feeding and health care practices are 60% and 84%, respectively. The role of mothers and other family members still needs to be improved in providing examples of good feeding practices and health care for children.
Keywords - Toddlers, Feeding practices, Health care, Nutritional status
References
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, Rencana Aksi Nasional Pangan dan Gizi 2011 - 2015. Jakarta: Bappenas, 2011.
I. H. Jawad, K. H. Al-Jubori, and H. A. Baiee, "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Under Nutrition Among Under-Five Children in Babylon Province, Iraq,2016," Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 26, no. 3, 2018.
I. Suparisa, B. Bakri, and and I. Fajar, Penilaian status gizi. Jakarta: Gizi Kedokteran EGC, 2002.
A. E. Vaughn, D. S. Ward, and J. O. Fisher et all, "Fundamental constructs in food parenting practices: a content map to guide future research.," Nutr Rev, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 98-117, 2016.
R. E. Black, C. G. Victora, S. P. Walker, and et all, "Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries.," Lancet, vol. 382, no. 9890, pp. 427-451, 2013.
K. O. Ajao, E. O. Ojofeitimi, A.A. Adebayo, and A. O. Fatusi et all, "Influence of family size, household food security status, and child care practices on the nutritional status of under-five children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.," Afr J Repord Health, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 117-126, Desember 2010.
N. Adnan and N. D. Muniandy, "The Relationship between Mothers’ Educational Level and Feeding Practices among Children in Selected Kindergartens in Selangor, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study," Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 39-52, 2012.
E. E. Nwokolo, "The Influence of Educational Level on Sources of Income and Household Food Security in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa," Journal of Human Ecology, no. 3, pp. 208-217, 2017.
K. Kim, S. C. Shin, and J. E. Shim, "Nutritional status of toddlers and preschoolers according to household income level: overweight tendency and micronutrient deficiencies.," Nutrition Research and Practice, vol. 9, no. 5, 2015.
U. Yamborisut, P. Visetchart, W. Thasanasuwan, and et all, "Parental feeding practice is associated with child's body mass index in Thai school-aged children: A case study in Don Tum district, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand," Journal of Health Research, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 82-94, 2018.
J. B. Endres, R. E. Rockwell, and C. G. Mense, Food, Nutrition, and the young child. Ohio: Person Education Inc, 2004.
N. Z. Rakhmawati and B.Panunggal, "Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu dengan Perilaku Pemberian Makanan anak Usia 12-24 Bulan," Journal of Nutrition Collage, vol. 3, no. 1, 2014.
S. Scaglioni et al., "Factors Influencing Children's Eating Behaviours.," Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 6, 2018.
W. P. Schmidt, K. S. Varadharajan et all A. Biran, "Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial.," Lancet Glob Health, vol. 2, no. 4, 2014.
A. Iftikhar, A. Bari, I. Bano, and Q. Masood, "Impact of maternal education, employment and family size on nutritional status of children.," Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 33, no. 6, November 2017.
